• You are required to create an in-text note whenever you
  use another source's words, facts, or ideas.

• Each source cited in the text must appear as a source on
  the Works Cited page.

• A single typed space separates the author's name from
  the page number.

• Do not include p. or pp. before the page number.

• If you include the author's name in the text:


     Smith recommends that only one supervisor be
     present for the procedure (178).

• If you do NOT include the author's name in the text:
  
        It is recommended that only one supervisor be
       present for the procedure (Smith 178).

One Author:

It has been documented that no one is concerned with this
issue (Manheim 45).

Joseph Manheim documented that no one is concerned with this
issue (45).

Multiple Authors:

• For the two or three authors, include all names and join the last
  two by using the word "and":

               (Wilson and Leiberman 80)

               (Smith, Johnson, and Watson 63)

• For four or more authors, use the first author's name,
  followed by "et al.":

               (Manley et al. 23)

Different Authors With the Same Last Name:

• Include enough information in the citation to be able to differentiate one author from another:

               (R. Roberts 35); (J. Roberts 301)               

More Than One Work by the Same Author:

• Include the author's last name, followed by a comma, an
  abbreviated version of the source's title, and the page
  number.

               (Becker, Modern Day 145); (Becker, Psychology 34)

Group or Corporate Authors:

• Use the group or corporate author's name just as you would
  use the author's name.

               (United Nations 42)

• If the name is long, then either include the full name in the
  text or shorten words that are commonly abbreviated and
  place in the parenthetical citation.

               The National Research Council reported that the
               population of South Africa...in 1998 (28).

OR

               (Natl. Research Council 28).                              

No Author Available:

• If no author is listed, use the full title (if brief), or use a
  shortened version of the title unless the title appears in
  your text. Make sure you begin the shortened version with
  the word by which it would be alphabetized in the Work
  Cited section.



• Example for a long article title:

               Use:      ("Lunar" 30)

               Instead of:      ("Lunar Eclipses During the Nineteenth Century" 30)

• Example for a long book title:

               Use:      (English 218)

               Instead of:      (English Language Arts and Reading on the Internet 218).

Source Within a Source:

• If you are citing a source that is found in another source, use
  the abbreviation "qtd. in".

               Bernard stated that a psychological evaluation was

               necessary in such situations (qtd. in Hamiliton 21)

Citing More Than a Single Work in One Note:

• Separate the citations with a semicolon.

               (McMurry 34; Littleton and Weber 61-65)

Citing Two or More Sources within a Single Sentence:

• Place the parenthetical citation right after the specific
  statements it supports.

               While the effects of the disaster might go deeper than
               originally reported (Daniels 22), there is no reason to
               believe that "continuing the search and rescue missions"
               will make much a difference at this point (Wilson 55).