Johnson 7

     After reviewing the literature, it is apparent that little research

has been conducted on EE at the pre-service level. Specifically,

research is needed to assess two pointsof association: the

association between the pre-service exposure to EE and teachers'

self-efficacy regarding teaching EE, and the association between

exposure to EE and teacher attitudes toward EE. Within the state

of Pennsylvania, EE has not been institutionalized in college and

university teacher education programs (Mastrilli et al., 2001). The

result has been a lack of EE intergration into public school curricula.

      This study plans to shed light on the association between

pre-service students' feelings of self-efficacy about teaching EE in

the classroom and their attitudes about EE. It is hypothesized that

as exposure to EE pre-service programs increases, pre-service

students' feelings of self-efficacy regarding teaching EE in the

classroom will increase, and their attitudes toward EE will become

more positive. This, in turn, should lead to pre-service students,