Back to 2006-2008 Graduate & Doctoral Catalog Index

Alvernia College
Graduate and Doctoral Catalog

Course Descriptions


Core Courses

COR 500: Communication and Information Literacy (3 credits)
This course is designed to improve the ease and efficiency with which the leaders of nonprofit organizations, churches, schools and businesses communicate with various stakeholders. Particular attention is focused on the generation of reports, summaries, memoranda and letters that translate technical data and research into usable information. The course explores the use of technology to acquire, disseminate and analyze information in cross-cultural settings.

COR 510: Moral Leadership (3 credits)
Moral Leadership introduces students to a philosophy of education that provides the skills necessary to assume a prominent place in shaping the vision, mission and activities of their employers and professions. This course is designed to help students study the importance of systematic reform of political, economic and social services, in remedying the problems that plague urban school systems, social services and society generally. The course helps students to understand the importance of openness to new analyses and strategies for change in addressing social problems.

COR 600: Organizational and Professional Ethics (3 credits)
This course explores specific questions relative to the behavior of systems, organizations, and their members. The idea of a profession and its claim to special ethical expertise are examined. Methods to accomplish responsible social action, promote social justice, and value the human dignity of each individual will be emphasized. This course is to be taken within the final twelve credits of the program.

Liberal Studies Courses

LAS 500: The Evolution of Scientific Thought and Perceptions (3 credits)
This course examines the many ways in which our perceptions of the natural world have evolved, including current and future implications. Students read classic texts in scientific thought and discuss the readings in light of current thinking.

LAS 501: Strategic Management in Criminal Justice (3 credits)
This course helps the student to formulate a definition of Strategic Law Enforcement Management that will encompass the major academic, philosophical, law enforcement, and practitioner’s perspectives. Various theories from classical management theories to modern applications in the law enforcement setting will be discussed and analyzed. Students are exposed to crisis management issues as they relate to terrorism and other nontraditional criminal issues. Community policing and other law enforcement management techniques are discussed. Students apply this body of knowledge through a seminar-type format that includes case studies and presentations by professionals who are currently active in the field.

LAS 505: Case Management and Clinical Supervision (3 credits)
This course integrates case and care management theory and practice as it is applied to individuals, agencies and communities. Students learn about core case management components and gain valuable knowledge in the areas of assessing, planning, linking, monitoring, recording and evaluating client care. Issues of diversity, community resources
and the various arenas of case management will be explored. Actual case examples are discussed and reviewed using a “best practice” model. Focus is placed on the role of case management in mental health, child welfare and addiction treatment programs in Pennsylvania.

LAS 510: The Biology of Behavior (3 credits)
This course examines theory and empirical research on the physiological and neurological concomitants of behavior. Included in the course is a discussion of basic neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, physiological bases of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and current developments in cognitive neuroscience. The course also addresses methodological and ethical issues in biopsychology.

LAS 515: Research Methods in Human Development (3 credits)
This course enables students to understand the research process in the helping professions. Students gain a general understanding of both qualitative and quantitative methods used in applied research settings such as social service agencies. They also learn how to read research articles and conduct a review of the literature. As part of the course,
each student is involved in a research project. Students taking this course are expected to have Internet access to complete assignments.

LAS 520: Major Artists and Writers in their Milieus (3 credits)
This course provides criticism of major works of art and literature that situates them within the ideas and activities of the historical periods in which the artists and authors flourished.

LAS 530: The Mathematics of Behavior (3 credits)
In this course a mathematical approach to everyday interaction and behavior between different species are studied. Mathematics applied to (a) behavior, (b) predator/prey interaction, (c) conflict analysis, (d) optimal form and (e) biology are presented. Technological and statistical tools are required.

LAS 535: Criminological Theory (3 credits)
This course requires students to research and disseminate criminal behavior through analysis of existing classical and contemporary theories. Students study the major research methods utilized in criminal justice including: survey, experimental, and field research. Emphasis is placed on the application of these theories on the various subsystems of the criminal justice system and contemporary issues which challenge its functional efficiency and effectiveness.

LAS 540: Organizational Behavior in Criminal Justice (3 credits)
The focus of this course includes the community-based aspect as well as state and federal strategies and evaluative methods in the field of corrections. Theories underlying these factors and the assessment of their impact will be highlighted. Examination of community issues and the role of government and private sector influence through public policy and resource allocation are also addressed.

LAS 545: Science Concepts in Literature (3 credits)
A multi-media and critical approach to classic and contemporary texts in fiction and non-fiction that address scientific concepts that have had an impact on modern life; authors include Darwin, Freud, T. H. Huxley, Aldous Huxley, H. G. Wells, Isaac Asimov, Arthur C. Clarke, Lewis Thomas, and Edward O. Wilson.

LAS 590: Special Topic (3 credits)
Applicable courses of interest will be offered on a semester-by-semester basis.

LAS 600: Topics in Christian Ethics (3 credits)
This course outlines the basic principles of Christian ethics through focused discussion on particular moral problems as well as reflection on foundational moral issues such as conscience, sin and grace.

LAS 601: Christian Origins (3 credits)
Christian Origins studies selected documents from the beginning of Christianity, including scriptural and extrabiblical texts. Sample topics include the canonical gospels and Paul’s letters, the Apostolic Fathers, and early Christian apocalyptic thought.

LAS 602: Hebrew Scriptures (3 credits)
This course examines contemporary approaches to interpreting the biblical texts (historical criticism, literary and sociological approaches). Issues treated include faith and its relationship to interpretation, instruction, revelation and the relationship of the interpreter’s social location to interpretation.

LAS 610: Science, Literature and Philosophy in the Age of Pope and Swift (3 credits)
This course examines major writings in England and the close interrelations between forms of intellectual inquiry and literature during the first half of the eighteenth century.

LAS 620: Cross-Cultural Conflicts in our Communities (3 credits)
This course examines the cultural, social, economic, and political forces that underlie conflicts in our communities. Exploring the impact of gender, racial, ethnic and linguistic diversity serves as a starting point for mediating these conflicts. Topics such as violence, substance abuse, teen pregnancy and discrimination are discussed. Strategies for
improving relationships and developing partnerships with parents, citizens, and business and community leaders are explored.

LAS 621: Gender, Family and Social Change (3 credits)
This course focuses on the family, as a gendered institution, taking into consideration macro level socioeconomic and cultural changes. Reading historical accounts of family change provides the basis for discussion and evaluation of sociological issues, both within the family and in the family’s greater setting of the family, and in relation to social
change within societies. Cross-cultural similarities and differences are explored.

LAS 630: Abnormality and Society (3 credits)
This course provides an analysis of the historical changes in view of abnormality in societies across the world. Emphasis is on how theories of etiology and treatment of psychological disorders have varied over time and across cultures, and some of the historical, social, and political antecedents and concomitants to such views. The subjective experience of being labeled as abnormal and the impact of such a stigma on the individual, the family and society are explored. The ethical complexity of diagnosing and treating psychological disorders are also addressed.

LAS 631: Psychological Measurement (3 credits)
This course examines basic psychometric concepts, the origins and logic of testing, criteria for judging tests and measurement techniques, standardization and reliability, validity and principles of test development and construction, and the use of quantitative methods in such procedures. Discussion focuses on the limits of measurement, the impact of testing and measurement on individuals and society, and the historical abuses and misuses of such techniques on individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.

LAS 640: Welfare Politics (3 credits)
This course evaluates the impact of the political environment on formulation and implementation of social welfare policy.

LAS 670: Seminar with Supervised Field Experience in Community Service (3 credits)
A supervised placement in a church, religious organization, nonprofit organization or business requires students to engage in theological reflection that links course experiences with ministry and social action. Written analysis of activities enriches the learning experiences during this capstone activity.

LAS 679: Independent Research (3 credits)
This course concentrates on standard methods for conducting research, i.e., identifying reliable sources and gathering, evaluating, reporting, and documenting purposeful information and conclusions. The course precedes LAS 680-Thesis (in Option #3) and requires a critical survey of important literature pertaining to the projected thesis topic. Written approval of the research director or adviser and of the Dean is required for both LAS 679 and LAS 680.

LAS 680: Thesis (3 credits)
Completing an in-depth study of a topic of interest expands understanding of the process of conducting research at the graduate level. An interdisciplinary team of faculty provides opportunities to share and critique findings. A formal presentation of the thesis is the culminating activity for this project. Written approval of the research director or adviser and of the Dean is required.

Master of Business Administration Courses

MBA 500: Strategic Management (3 credits)
Strategic Management explores management theories, principles and practices. Analysis of the particular leadership, motivational, financial and functional attributes of institutions are emphasized. Prerequisite: Five years of Professional Experience, a course in Principles of Management or MBA 592 - Management and Marketing.

MBA 510: Managerial Accounting (3 credits)
This course emphasizes the application of accounting systems to managerial decision-making and problem solving. Analysis and interpretation of financial statements, analysis of cash flow, cash budgeting, cost-volume-profit analysis and responsibility accounting are among the major topics explored. Prerequisite: Completion of two semesters of
Accounting or MBA 591 - Accounting for the Workplace.

MBA 515: Critical Issues/White Collar Crime (3 credits)
This course discusses and analyzes various theories, ranging from classical Sutherland approach to the modernistic governmental crime model. The characteristic of this form of crime is examined. Trust, nonviolence, deceit, confidence, power and authority are reviewed as observed perpetrator traits. Corporate crime, occupational crime, corruption,
fraud and financial crime are viewed as examples of the problem. The costs both in terms of financial loss and human resources are assessed. A complete survey of the appropriate laws and the enforcement and regulatory agencies targeted toward this specialized crime problem is made.

MBA 520: Marketing Services (3 credits)
This course is designed to provide students with a broad approach to the concepts of various marketing functions including consumer behavior and new product development. Emphasis is placed on international issues and their impact on the development of strategies for consumer and industrial-based products or services entering the global market.
Prerequisite: Five years of professional experience, a course in Principles of Marketing or MBA 592 - Management and Marketing.

MBA 525: Workplace/School Violence (3 credits)
This course addresses the concerns associated with violence occurring in the workplace or educational environment. Indicators of potential conflict are evaluated and procedures to avoid violence are discussed and reviewed. A demonstrated course of action in the event of an occurrence is developed.

MBA 530: Corporate Finance (3 credits)
This course familiarizes the student with the role of the financial manager in a modern business organization. Topics include: time value of money, financial analysis, risk analysis, financial forecasting, cost of capital, stock and bond valuation modes, capital budgeting and investment decisions under conditions of uncertainty.

MBA 535: Crisis Management (3 credits)
This course evaluates methods and procedures utilized in times of crisis. Practical applications are explored through the use of case studies and guest lecturers. A crisis management plan is developed to demonstrate competency in crisis situations.

MBA 540: Employment Law (3 credits)
This course offers a comprehensive review of employment law. Employment Law explores employee-employer relationships, personnel problems and permissible activities in employee dismissal cases. Case law where legal principles have been changed by the courts is reviewed. Finally, the newest labor statutes are addressed.

MBA 550: Labor Relations Management (3 credits)
This course provides a broad and balanced overview of labor relations. The course investigates historical, legal and structural environments. Labor contract negotiations and administration are also researched.

MBA 560: Human Resource Management for Leaders (3 credits)
This course explores the interaction between strategy and human resources as approached from a generalist perspective and is designed for graduate students focusing on administration. Topics presented include: planning, recruiting, selection, staff development, principles of evaluation, compensation and collective bargaining. Comprehensive
discussion of the environment of human resources and the impact of human resource practices on the organization will be based on the class make-up.

MBA 570: Marketing Research Seminar (3 credits)
This course addresses the principles of social scientific methodology for marketing research. Topics covered include scientific method, problem formulation, cost and research design, questionnaire construction, report preparation, data interpretation and reliability measurements. Research results are used to formulate marketing strategies directed toward specific markets.

MBA 591: Accounting for the Workplace (3 credits)
This course is designed to introduce students to accounting who have not had accounting courses or accounting experience at the undergraduate level. The course fosters an understanding of the basic concepts of financial accounting, including accounting information systems.

MBA 592: Management and Marketing (3 credits)
The purpose of this course is to provide foundations in management and marketing for students who have entered the program with limited exposure to management and marketing. The course is designed to provide students with an understanding of the basis for management theory and marketing. The course is designed to provide necessary
prerequisite information for students who will be taking management and marketing courses in the MBA program. This course addresses the need for the foundation CPC requirements.

MBA 593: Economics and Finance (3 credits)
The purpose of this course is to provide foundations in economics and finance for students who have entered the program with limited exposure to economics and finance. The course is designed to provide students with an understanding of the basis for economics theory and financial decision making. The course is designed to provide necessary prerequisite information for students who will be taking finance and economics courses in the MBA program. This course addresses the need for the foundation CPC requirements.

MBA 600: Quantitative Methods (3 credits)
This course is designed to familiarize the student with the use of mathematical and statistical methodology used in managerial decision-making. Topics include linear, integer and dynamic programming, sensitivity analysis and duality, network models, inventory and queuing, and simulation. Prerequisite: Completion of college algebra or its
equivalent.

MBA 610: Legal Environment (3 credits)
This course provides an overview of the effects of legal forces on the objectives and operations of nonprofit organizations, churches, schools and businesses. Policies and decisions based on current case studies are examined with emphasis placed on vulnerabilities and the appropriate techniques of managing exposure risks. Contemporary issues relating to governmental regulations, employment issues and human resource policies faced by leaders in cross-cultural settings are explored.

MBA 620: Managerial Economics (3 credits)
This course examines the use of economic tools for managerial decision-making. Applicable economic, statistical and computer skills are studied. Emphasis is placed on the microeconomic theory of organizations and its application in businesses, schools, churches, and non-profit organizations. Prerequisite: Five years of Professional Experience, a
course in Economics/Finance or MBA 593 - Economics and Finance.

MBA 630: Management Finance (3 credits)
This course presents an overview of financial management and its role within nonprofit organizations, churches, schools and businesses. The focus is on the prime variables that affect the financial manager within the firm and within the economy. Topics include financial management and its environment, analysis of the operating budget and its impact on setting priorities, valuation and the cost of capital, capital budgeting, working capital management, analyzing and planning financial performance, and institutional features of long-term planning. Prerequisite: MBA 620 - Managerial Economics.

MBA 635: Public Relations (3 credits)
This course provides students with a comprehensive introduction to serious public relations. Coursework provides a conceptual framework for understanding the latest concepts, origins, principles and theories underpinning this emerging practice.

MBA 640: Accounting for Government and Not-for-Profit Organizations (3 credits)
This course explores accounting principles and procedures relative to governmental units and not-for-profit institutions. A comparison with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) used in business is featured.

MBA 650: Entrepreneurship and Economic Development (3 credits)
This course is designed to identify and analyze factors that contribute to the success of new business ventures. Major topics include risk assessment and management, leadership skills, sources of funding and the development of a business plan. Case studies of successful and unsuccessful ventures are analyzed.

MBA 660: Grantwriting (3 credits)
Applicable coursework develops skills for writing grants to obtain financial resources from foundations and other funding sources. Practical strategies and case studies are examined to increase effectiveness of fund-raising efforts for programs of nonprofit organizations, churches, and schools. Methods for developing partnerships with other organizations are highlighted. Emphasis on grant writing for programs that promote social justice in cross-cultural settings links this course to the Franciscan tradition.

MBA 670: Corporate Communication (3 credits)
This course examines the nature of communication in the corporate and organizational context and how the corporation communicates with its various publics. Both internal and external organizational communication is analyzed before, during, and post-change, such as during growth, collapse, and merger. Case studies may include: corporations (for
profit and not-for-profit); schools and/or educational establishments; law enforcement and justice systems, churches and/or religious systems; health institutions; military organizations; government associations.

MBA 680: Executive Leadership Seminar (3 credits)
This is a capstone course and is designed to enhance development of the knowledge, skills, attitudes, behaviors and values required for one to become an effective, inspirational leader. In addition to case studies, interaction with successful business executives provides students with realistic models of leadership.

Community Counseling Courses

MCC 500: Counseling Communication Skills (3 credits)
This course is required for all community counseling students, as an introduction to the counseling profession and basic counseling and communication skills. The history of the counseling profession, the role of professional organizations, primarily ACA, orientation to ethics, and the importance of professional credentialing will be explored. Essential
interviewing and counseling skills necessary to develop an effective therapeutic relationship including opening, processing, and terminating a relationship will be developed, through role-playing, simulation, audio and videotaped practice sessions. Prerequisite: successful completion of undergraduate Introduction to Psychology course.

MCC 510: Human Development Across the Life Span (3 credits)
This course examines the theory and research of human development from conception to death from a socialpsychobiological developmental perspective. Human development is examined from both historic and contemporary perspectives including the physical, intellectual, psychological, emotional, cultural, and social patterns that are woven by a unique combination of heredity and environment. The impacts of addictive behaviors across the lifespan are explored.

MCC 515: Psychopharmacology (3 credits)
Professional counselors who work in clinics, hospitals and community agencies must have an applied understanding of the many classifications, actions, reactions and interactions of psychotropic medications. Medications are often used adjunctively with counseling in both mental health and additions treatment. It is important for the professional counselor to have the skills to be able to work with the attending psychiatrist or physician in monitoring the effectiveness of the prescribed medications.

MCC 520: Counseling Theories (3 credits)
This course examines the spectrum of traditional and contemporary theories in counseling ranging from traditional psychodynamic, humanistic, learning, behavioral theories to cognitive behavioral, spiritually-based, creative arts, and culturally appropriate theories and techniques. Techniques and issues in counseling such as transference and counter
transference, resistance, self-disclosure, active listening, the use of silence, confrontation and the value of metaphors are among those that will be examined. Students will be able to assess the appropriateness of the various intervention theories.

MCC 525: Psychobiology of Addiction (3 credits)
The pharmacological and physiological effects of alcohol and other drugs are investigated as well as the biological determinants of alcoholism and drug abuse. The mechanisms of action of each drug and drug class, current theories relating to the etiology of abuse, addiction and major psychological disorders, approaches for drug treatment, uses and limitation of medication in the overall management of clients are discussed.

MCC 530: Multicultural Issues in Counseling (3 credits)
This course explores the social and cultural contexts of helping relationships. The ways that culture and ethnicity interact with human behavior will be examined. Theories related to cultural identity, age, gender, sexual orientation, family values, coping, attributions, attitude formation, social power, drug and alcohol use, spiritual values, and socioeconomic
conditions as they relate to impact counseling with diverse groups will be examined. Current research regarding issues such as client/counselor match will be analyzed. Ethical guidelines for counseling diverse groups provided by the American Counseling Association and similar professional organizations will be studied. Students will participate in
experiential exercises and analyze case studies to apply theories and concepts to “real world” situations.

MCC 535: Counseling Children and Adolescents (3 credits)
This course will focus on unique counseling theories and techniques applicable to counseling early childhood, school aged children, adolescents, and their families. Play therapy, puppet therapy, doll therapy, creative arts therapy, in vivo therapy and other therapy modalities will be explored. This course will address the unique counseling theories and techniques applicable to working with adolescent youth, exploring issues of identity, peer acceptance, conformity and deviation, sexuality, substance use and abuse, youth culture and issues of youth in the contemporary society.

MCC 540: Addiction and Society (3 credits)
This course analyzes the behavioral, pharmacological, historical, social, legal and clinical perspectives that surround the use, abuse and addiction to alcohol and other drugs. Current methodologies are examined as to their effectiveness in both the prevention and treatment of addictive disorders. Other addictions and related high-risk behaviors are analyzed from an addiction model of behavior.

MCC 545: Family Therapy Concepts and Methods (3 credits)
Established systems of contemporary family therapy are examined in this course. Each approach will be examined in terms of leading figures, theoretical formulations, normal family development, impact of addiction on the family system, development of addiction and behavior disorders, goals of therapy, conditions for change, techniques, and evaluations of theory and results. Role playing will involve both system specific and core techniques.

MCC 550: Practicum (100 hours)
Students will spend 100 hours assigned to a placement observing and being exposed to activities in a professional counseling venue over the course of a semester. Supervised practicum experiences include a minimum of 40 hours of direct service with clients, including individual and group counseling, weekly supervision of at least one hour of
an individual or triadic nature under the supervision of a faculty member and an average of 1.5 hours per week of group supervision that is provided by a faculty member, and an evaluation of the student’s performance throughout the practicum including a formal final evaluation after practicum completion.

MCC 560: Legal and Ethical Issues in Counseling (100 hours)
This course is designed to provide the counselor in training with an understanding of the major ethical and legal issues involved in the practice of mental health and addictions counseling. The ethical codes of the American Counseling Association and the Pennsylvania Certification Board will be explored. Legal issues involved with mental health and
additions counseling will also be addressed. The case study format will be used to develop and practice the process of ethical decision making in counseling situations.

MCC 600: Advanced Counseling Theories and Techniques with Individuals (3 credits)
Students in this course compare and contrast various intervention theories and counseling models in working with individuals with both mental health and addiction disorders. Students examine the unique dynamics of the therapeutic/ interpersonal counseling relationship and how change is effected by that interaction. Students learn how to do clinical
assessments for diagnostics, develop treatment plans, establish goals and objectives and evaluate outcomes as they apply to clinical practice with individuals in community counseling care settings.

MCC 605: Counseling Special Populations (3 credits)
This course explores the increasingly diverse needs of distinct emergent groups in today’s society. Counselors will be working with people from these groups and must have the skills and knowledge to be professional and effective. These groups include, but are not limited to: homosexuals; ethnic, cultural and religious minorities; women; adult children of alcoholics; physically challenged individuals; cognitively challenged individuals; the criminal population. Counselors will continue to develop their multicultural competencies through this course.

MCC 610: Advanced Counseling Theories and Techniques with Groups (3 credits)
Students will learn to apply group theories and techniques of counseling as they work with an increasingly diverse constellation of groups (both formally and informally constructed groups) in contemporary society. From group theory, students survey Yalom, Corey, Carroll, and others. Students will learn how to conduct assessment of families and groups for the purposes of diagnosing problems and dysfunctions, developing intervention strategies and evaluating the outcomes.

MCC 615: Relapse and Recovery (3 credits)
This course examines the psychological, biological and environmental perspective of the primary factors that contribute to the systematic onset and eventual occurrence of relapse. Through extensive research in journals and other professional publications as well as interviews with treatment professionals and people in recovery, relapse is examined as both an event and a process that for some individuals may be a predictable part of a sustained and life long recovery from addictions.

MCC 620: Research Methods and Program Evaluations (3 credits)
Students will survey research methods in the behavioral sciences so that they can critically evaluate research that is published in the field. Students are able to differentiate different research methodologies in the behavioral sciences and will develop an applied knowledge of basic descriptive statistics through basic inferential statistic using correlation analyses and ANOVA. Students are required to do a research project. Prerequisite: undergraduate course in statistics or quantitative methods of research

MCC 625: Spirituality and the Healing Process (3 credits)
The spiritual dimension of recovery from mental health and addictive diseases is examined in depth. Topics include: dynamics of the 12-Step Fellowships (A.A., N.A., Al-Anon, etc), religiously oriented programs, spiritual development and the use of clergy in working with clients coping with addictions problems. Spiritual values and approaches are viewed as an adjunct to traditional clinic settings.

MCC 630: Appraisal, Tests and Measurements (3 credits)
Students will learn to evaluate the reliability, validity, standardization methods, and test construction of instruments used in the evaluation of mental health and addictive disorders. In addition, students will learn to discern the appropriateness of objective and projective tests and measurements of tests to meet specific client needs. Students will practice administration, scoring, and interpretation of tests appropriate for use by master’s level clinicians.

MCC 635: Criminality and Healing Process (3 credits)
This course will prepare students for clinical interventions and treatment of psychopathology and aggressive behaviors that are common to the criminal justice system. Differentiation between adolescent and adult pathologies are examined ranging from Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiance Disorder, various Anti-Social Personality Disorders (including explosive behavior disorders) and various personality disorders. Students learn clinical interventions and protocols that are most effective with the individual who has both a criminal history and an addictive disorder. Focus will be paid to assessment of criminal responsibility, as well as, treatment and relapse issues that are specific to the criminal population.

MCC 640: Psychopathology (3 credits)
This course will examine theories and practices of assessing, diagnosing and treating individuals with mental health and addictive disorders and co-occurring disorders. This course will survey mental disorders as classified by the latest version of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostics and Statistics Manual. Prerequisite: successful
completion of undergraduate course in psychopathology

MCC 650: Career Counseling (3 credits)
This course will survey the theories and research on career development as well as methods to assess career choice. This course will look at career choice and the impact of mental health and addictive disorders on career planning. Psychosocial, mental health, various personality, skills and interests, and attitudinal variables that go into healthy
career decision making will be explained. Students will survey the various vocational development career assessment instruments (aptitude, skills and interest inventories, and vocational personality instruments), research databases and technology for vocational decision-making.

MCC 655: Program Management and Clinical Supervision (3 credits)
This course will provide an understanding of the various types of management and supervisory styles used in community counseling settings. Specific emphasis is placed on the development of supervision skills that assist counselor professional growth. The course will examine program/agency administration to include strategic planning, financing and marketing, and program policies and procedures.

MCC 670: Internship I (300 hours)
Students will practice professional counseling in a clinical setting where professional community counseling takes place under the supervision of a faculty member and licensed professional counselor. Students will be required to have a minimum of 300 hours of counseling activities with a minimum of 120 hours of direct service to clients. In addition,
students will have 1 hour of weekly supervision in an individual, dyadic or triadic format by an on-site licensed supervisor, with an average 1.5 hours per week group supervision performed by a licensed faculty member. The internship will provide students with the opportunity to assess and treat clients, follow client progress, keep records, have access to
appropriate supervision, attend staff meetings, participate in service training and other professional activities. Students must present their work using audio or videotape work for formal professional critique by supervisors and other interns. A formal evaluation for fitness to practice will be made upon completion of the internship experience.

MCC 680: Internship II (300 hours)
Students will practice professional counseling in a clinical setting where professional community counseling takes place under the supervision of a faculty member and licensed professional counselor. Students will be required to have a minimum of 300 hours of counseling activities with a minimum of 120 hours of direct service to clients. In addition,
students will have 1 hour of weekly supervision in an individual, dyadic or triadic format by an on-site licensed supervisor, with an average 1.5 hours per week group supervision performed by a licensed faculty member. The internship will provide students with the opportunity to assess and treat clients, follow client progress, keep records, have access to
appropriate supervision, attend staff meetings, participate in service training and other professional activities. Students must present their work using audio or videotape work for formal professional critique by supervisors and other interns. Each student will be required to develop a major paper focusing on an integration and reflection of practice and theory, including a research project relating to their practice setting. A formal evaluation for fitness to practice will be made upon completion of the internship experience.

MCC 685: Advanced Clinical Internship (400 hours)
This course is designed to offer students advanced diagnostic and therapeutic skills in effective treatment interventions with the supervision of a licensed practitioner. Students will understand and critically analyze both the theoretical constructs and practical skills that are effective when therapeutically engaged with individuals, families or groups. Students will be required to have a minimum of 400 hours of direct client contact, with weekly supervision of 1 hour in an individual, dyadic or triadic format. Students present their work using audio or videotape work for formal professional critique by supervisors and other interns. Students will be expected to demonstrate the ability to function independently as a licensed practitioner.

Master of Education Courses

MED 500: Curriculum Innovations (3 credits)
Curriculum innovations that have emerged during school reform efforts of recent decades are examined. Topics include: cooperative learning, constructivism, multi-cultural education, character education, special education, and the use of technology. These innovations are examined to evaluate their potential for improving the achievement of students from diverse cultural backgrounds and of various ability levels. Instructional methods include discussion seminars focused on course readings and experiences of students; reflective writing assignments; lectures; videos and guest speakers; Internet research; and student presentations.

MED 501: Foundations of Teaching in Cross-Cultural Settings (3 credits)
This course provides prospective teachers with an overview of the profession. A survey of the historical, philosophical, and social foundations is presented. Additional topics discussed include: classroom management, instructional planning, and strategies for dealing with students from diverse cultural backgrounds and with various ability levels.

MED 505: Introduction to Special Needs Students (3 credits)
This course, designed for prospective special education classroom teachers, reviews the definition, characteristics, causes and evaluation of various student exceptionalities and how special education services are acquired, developed and provided. Students will learn how the latest legal requirements, research, and best educational practices assist
individuals with exceptionalities be successful in home, school and community settings.

MED 515: Strategies for the Special Education/Inclusive Classroom (3 credits)
This course addresses the learning needs of exceptional and at-risk students, kindergarten through high school, and the needed instructional management strategies to be acquired by those who teach these students in inclusive, main streamed, and/or self-contained classroom settings. Planning and intervention skills needed for teaching special needs children are reviewed and discussed, in the content areas of language arts, mathematics, science, social studies, life-skills instruction, and vocational preparation are emphasized throughout this course. Prerequisite: MED 505 - Introduction to Special Needs Students or approval from the Program Coordinator

MED 518: Quantitative Research Methods (3 credits)
This course is designed to familiarize the student with the use of mathematical and statistical methodology used in educational research. Topics will include descriptive statistics, introduction to inferential statistics, T-test, one-way analysis of variance, multiple comparison procedures, research design and the use of SPSS software.

MED 520: Educators as Researchers (3 credits)
This course is designed to assist students in becoming reflective practitioners - to understand the scope and range of educational research, to develop their own abilities for researching information and using information and using various research methodologies, to acquire knowledge about issues and trends in education, and to view and think
critically regarding their own pedagogies. Students will complete a proposal for their original research and obtain IRB (Institutional Review Board) approval if required. Research will be conducted and presented in MED 680, the Research Seminar. Prerequisite: MED 518 - Quantitative Research Methods

MED 522: Practicum (1 credit)
Students observe a classroom and reflect on the theories and strategies used by an experienced teacher. Participation in various teaching responsibilities will be assessed by the college instructor and the classroom teacher.

MED 525: Workplace/School Violence (3 credits)
Workplace/School Violence addresses the concerns associated with violence occurring in the workplace or educational environment. Indicators of potential conflict will be evaluated and procedures to avoid violence will be discussed and reviewed. A demonstrated course of action in the event of an occurrence is developed.

MED 535: Issues Concerning Special Education Programs (3 credits)
The course, designed for prospective special education classroom teachers, has students review, analyze and discuss current trends and issues in special education. Topics include, but are not be limited to: inclusive classrooms, early interventions, state-wide assessment programs, collaborative and co-teaching models of instruction. The semester to semester topics under discussion vary and evolve as issues in the field change to newer and more current conditions Prerequisite: MED 505 - Introduction to Special Needs Students or approval from the Program Coordinator

MED 540: Curriculum and Instruction for Adolescents (3 credits)
This course explores the physical, cognitive, social and moral development of the adolescent learner. Theories and practical strategies for addressing the diverse needs of today’s middle/junior high school and high school students are analyzed. The focus is on creating classroom and school environments that promote a love of learning and provides solutions for the problems faced by teachers of adolescents.

MED 545: Classroom Management (3 credits)
This course will prepare teachers to be educational leaders who effectively manage their classrooms. It will focus on taking a proactive approach to create a positive learning environment for all students. In addition, the course will operate from a perspective that it is the teacher’s responsibility to bring an enhanced level of professionalism and strong
sense of ethical behavior to the classroom. This is manifested in the creation of effective lesson plans and appropriate communication with students, parents and administration. Various models of philosophies and motivational and instructional strategies will be reviewed as they represent this philosophy in action.

MED 550: Introduction to Educational Administration (3 credits)
This course is designed to help the prospective administrator and current teachers answer the following basic questions: Why is educational administration necessary? What is it? How does it affect me? What role do I play in the administration of schools today? The students’ goal is to answer these questions and others that come to mind as facts, issues and propositions are presented throughout the course.

MED 553: The School Administrator (3 credits)
A technical course emphasizing the principal’s role in the organization and administration of the elementary, middle and secondary schools.

MED 560: Human Resource Management for Leaders (3 credits)
This course explores the interaction between strategy and human resources as approached from a generalist perspective and is designed for graduate students focusing on administration. Topics presented include: planning, recruiting, selection, staff development, principles of evaluation, compensation and collective bargaining. Comprehensive
discussion of the environment of human resources and the impact of human resource practices on the organization will be based on the class make-up.

MED 570: Student Teaching (7 credits)
Students teach in early childhood, elementary, or secondary classrooms under the supervision of a college instructor and an experienced teacher. Two seven-week placements at difference grade levels are required.

MED 572: Student Teaching Seminar (2 credits)
This seminar provides student teachers with the opportunity to discuss their experiences in the classroom. Problemsolving strategies and reflections about educational theories and practice are shared.

MED 600: Language and Literacy in Cross-Cultural Settings (3 credits)
This course examines theories and approaches for promoting language and literacy development of children and youth in cross-cultural settings. Methods for teaching language and literacy skills used in real-life situations are studied. Strategies for planning interdisciplinary activities and literacy programs that use home and community resources and
techniques for evaluating programs are analyzed. The use of technology to foster language and literacy development is also studied.

MED 602: Teaching Children’s Literature in Cross-Cultural Settings (3 credits)
Coursework examines various theories and strategies for using children’s literature across the curriculum. The concepts and values found in traditional and contemporary literature are explored. Students discover ways to use children’s literature to promote learning in the elementary classroom.

MED 605: Enhancing Literacy for the Special Needs Student (3 credits)
The course, designed for prospective special education classroom teachers, develops skills for the development, teaching, and enhancing of literacy skills: language, reading, and writing. Students review current and developing research and classroom practices that encourage the acquisition and improvement of those skills through learning strategies that can be used in classroom experiences.

MED 610: School Law and Social Advocacy (3 credits)
This course examines the federal and state legislation and court rulings that govern urban education. A review of legal concepts and procedures provides essential knowledge about the rights and responsibilities of educators and the students they serve. The study of legislation and significant court rulings that have promoted equity, educational opportunity and social justice summarizes the contributions of advocates who have worked to transform urban education.

MED 611: School Finance (3 credits)
This course is designed to help the prospective administrator understand how schools function from a financial prospective. Students learn the essentials in school accounting, budgeting, financing, investing, financial regulations and requirements, and computer application. The principals’ role in effective budget performance is emphasized.

MED 613: School Facilities Management (3 credits)
This course is designed to help the prospective administrator understand how school facilities are managed. Students learn the essentials of school plant management, school construction, school building design, school building technology requirements, outdoor facilities, busing and traffic pattern design, and parking requirements. The principal’s role in effective facility design and management is emphasized.

MED 615: Literacy Learning in the Content Areas (3 credits)
This course is a study of the extension and enhancement of reading and writing skills into secondary education. Participants will explore the conceptual ideas underlying the teaching of reading and writing in the content areas, the importance of reading skills to students’ understanding of specific subject matter content, and the reading strategies
for the three phases of cognitive processing (proactive, interactive, reflective). The course content will focus on the application and integration of reading and writing strategies into existing curricula.

MED 620: Teaching Science and Mathematics in Cross-Cultural Settings (3 credits)
Theories and effective strategies for teaching science and mathematics are studied. Instructional planning and evaluation methods that address the needs of students from diverse cultural backgrounds and with various ability levels are examined.

MED 650: Functions of School Supervision (3 credits)
This course is designed to provide a framework to help future principals gain the necessary skills to apply the emerging concepts and principles of school supervision to the practical, everyday situations in which administrators, supervisors, coordinators and teachers are working. Interpersonal relationships that lead to the improvement of instruction, data collection for the purpose of analyzing classroom teaching, staff development, in-service program development, and staff selection are discussed. The influence of special needs learners, race, gender and other social issues is analyzed where appropriate for this course.

MED 680: Research Seminar (3 credits)
This course is a supervised experience culminating in the completion of a research project that was designed in MED 520: Educators as Researchers. The research project is the culminating and integrating effort for master’s students. It involves the original investigation of a problem of limited scope and contributes to the body of knowledge in the field of education. Through the research process, students become and feel more expert in a focused field of inquiry. Students produce a written product that documents a synthesis of the appropriate literature in the field, the methodology used, their research findings, and an analysis and discussion of those findings. Prerequisite: MED 520 - Educators as Researchers

MED 685: Principal’s Internship (3 credits)
This is a required seminar and supervised field experience for those individuals seeking principal’s certification. The student submits to an adviser a comprehensive proposal for a unit of work to be done under the supervision of a currently active building principal. The observation and supervision of teachers, along with other selected units of work from such areas as scheduling, budget preparation, staff development, curriculum, community relations, extracurricular activities, etc., comprise the list of acceptable projects for interns to complete. All proposals must be approved by the faculty adviser and sanctioned by the administration of the school where the field experience is to occur. In addition to the field experience, seminar meetings are conducted every other week for a period of two hours for all administrative interns for the duration of the semester.

Nursing Courses

NUR 510: Professional Nursing V: School Nursing (5 credits)
This course prepares the RN to complete the requirements for school nurse certification by the PA Department of Education. Knowledge, strategies and skills to deliver health prevention, promotion and protection to diverse school-aged populations are included. Students participate in the diverse roles of the school nurse and explore resources needed to provide developmentally and culturally competent care to school-age children and their families. Prerequisite/Co-requisite: A valid license to practice as a Registered Nurse in Pennsylvania, evidence of CPR certification, documentation of a current criminal background and child abuse history clearance (a positive report may result in non-progress in the program; State and Federal guidelines are followed), evidence of professional liability insurance, self-report health record including required immunizations and signed HIPAA compliance form.

NUR 520: Health Assessment: School Population (3 credits)
This course is designed to prepare the professional registered nurse to learn physical assessment skills and apply those skills with clients within the school population. Students have the opportunity to learn and practice taking health histories and completing physical assessments in the school setting. Critical thinking skills are integrated into the course to help the students to learn to work autonomously to assess the physical needs of students and staff members. Transcultural nursing issues are discussed throughout the course to prepare students to assess clients from diverse populations. Prerequisite/Co-requisite: A valid license to practice as a Registered Nurse in Pennsylvania, evidence of CPR certification, documentation of a current criminal background and child abuse history clearance (a positive report may result in non-progress in the program; State and Federal guidelines are followed), evidence of professional liability insurance, self-report health record including required immunizations and signed HIPAA compliance form.

NUR 610: Coordinated School Health Program Design (3 credits)
This course is designed to prepare the education professional to implement a Coordinated School Health Program in his or her school district. Students critically examine the interactive components of a Coordinated School Health Program (CSHP) from a variety of perspectives and prepare a CSHP educational and promotional tool suitable for use
in a Targeted Awareness Campaign. Using a local school district as a working model, students individually complete a comprehensive school health survey and collaborate with others in the district to set goals and develop a shared vision regarding a CSHP. Although this course is a requirement for those students pursuing an M.Ed. with School Health
emphasis, enrollment is open to any post-baccalaureate student.

NUR 620: At Risk School Environments: Emergency Planning and Response (3 credits)
This course equips the student with knowledge and skills to respond appropriately in a variety of emergency situations, including creating action plans which should be followed to protect life and preserve property from the effects of unexpected events within the school community. Legal and ethical considerations and the role of the family/community will be integrated throughout the content. Advances in technology, the increase in school violence, and the threat of terrorism have created the recognition of the need for schools to be prepared for a variety of threatening situations. Although this course is a requirement for those students pursuing an M.Ed. with School Health emphasis, enrollment is open to any post-baccalaureate student.

Occupational Therapy Courses

OT 500: Current Best Practices in Occupational Therapy (3 credits)
Students explore, discuss, and critically analyze current issues influencing contemporary occupational therapy practices. Particular attention will be paid to evidence-based practice, theory assessment and integration, advanced practice issues, and legal and ethical issues. Prerequisite: Current standing as a registered licensed occupational therapist (state licensure is not limited to Pennsylvania), current employment as a registered, licensed occupational therapist. Prerequisite: permission of program director.

OT 501: Analysis of Theoretical Concepts in Occupational Therapy Practice I (4 credits)
Students utilize knowledge gained during undergraduate studies and fieldwork experiences to study problems in clinical reasoning. Students apply critical thinking skills and actively direct their own learning to explore client-centered, evidence-based occupational therapy practice in selected case studies. All phases of the occupational therapy process are experienced through collaborative exercises, laboratory simulations and field trips. The case studies represent persons with disorders and health conditions occurring at the beginning of life through late adolescence. Prerequisite: OT 416& 417 or permission of program director.

OT 502: Function and Technology (4 credits)
Explores the expanding use of technology as it relates to all aspects of occupational therapy services. Students study the use of adaptive equipment and technology to increase function and to improve the quality of life, computer documentation and telecommunications systems for supervisors, and emerging applications in reaching people in need in new and innovative ways. Students use emerging technology to develop a project for client intervention or occupational therapy service delivery. Prerequisite: OT 416 & 417 or permission of program director.

OT 503: Research Design (3 credits)
Exploration of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies used in occupational therapy and critical evaluation of published research in the field is undertaken. Students choose between a research project and an action project, define a research interest and work with an adviser in the scholarly project. By the end of the course students develop
a detailed proposal and obtain formal approval from their adviser and the institutional review board. Prerequisites: OT 416 & 417 or permission of program director.

OT 505: Analysis of Theoretical Concepts in Occupational Therapy Practice II (4 credits)
This course continues the use of knowledge gained during undergraduate studies and fieldwork experiences to study problems in clinical reasoning. Students refine critical thinking skills and actively direct their own learning to explore client-centered, evidence-based occupational therapy practice in selected case studies. All phases of the occupational therapy process are experienced through collaborative exercises, laboratory simulations, and field trips. The case studies represent persons with disorders and health conditions of early adulthood through the end of life. Prerequisites: OT 416 & 417 or permission of program director.

OT 590: Special Topics in Occupational Therapy (3 credits)
Applicable courses of interest will be offered on a semester-by-semester basis. Prerequisite: OT 416 & 417 or permission of program director.

OT 591: Fundamentals of Occupational Therapy (3 credits)
Fundamentals of Occupational Therapy provides the foundation, history, philosophical base, values, standards, and ethics of the occupational therapy profession and its personnel; introduces professional organizations, terminology, current concepts and regulatory requirements of the profession. The theoretical frames of reference underlying the use of occupational therapy practice are explored. Particular focus will be made to the areas of self-care, instrumental activities of daily living, education, work, social participation, play and leisure for individuals, groups and populations through the life span. Students will examine and explore occupations, their meaningfulness, motivating, and influential factors and will analyze activity of the necessary skills, context, patterns, demands, and factors that comprise an individual’s ability to engage in occupation. As they embark on their studies, students will be introduced to the themes reinforced throughout the curriculum including; ethics and moral values, critical thinking skills, occupational-based practice, multiple service delivery models and research and scientific inquiry. Prerequisite: Baccalaureate degree, COTA certification or permission of the occupational therapy program coordinator. The course will be accepted as a substitute for OT 101, OT 204, OT 206, and OT 210 for students who meet the prerequisite and earn a grade of ‘B’ or higher. Permission of the Program Coordinator is also required.

OT 601: Occupational Therapy Outcomes (3 credits)
This course examines health related quality of life measures as indicators of occupational therapy interventions for individuals, families and communities. Issues in discharge planning, transition to the community, and economic factors are analyzed. Techniques in making level of care decisions, choosing the best approach for intervention and assessing quality of care based on evidence are presented. During course related fieldwork students develop an outcomes measure for occupational therapy services. Prerequisite: OT 416 & 417 or permission of program director.

OT 603: Advocacy and Leadership (3 credits)
Current and future professional issues and ethics are presented. The course focuses on identifying and analyzing factors in the health care environment and those skills needed to develop advocacy and leadership. Methods of developing partnerships, sources of funding, grant writing and the development of business and marketing plans are presented.
The role of the practitioner as an educator of clients, families and the community is explored. Course related fieldwork requires completion of a proposal for new or expanded occupational therapy services. Prerequisite: OT 416 & 417 or permission of program director.

OT 610: Research Report (4 credits)
Completion of the research or action project initiated in OT 503 will expand the understanding of the research process at the graduate level. An interdisciplinary team of faculty supervises the research or action project. Meetings with peers and faculty provide opportunities to share and critique findings. The capstone activity is a committee presentation and defense of the research project. Prerequisites: Grade of “B” or higher in OT 503 and statistics.

Doctor of Philosophy Courses

PhD 701: Advanced Research Colloquium (6 credits)
This six-credit course provides a systematic approach to the scientific method as it is used in research in organizations with human participants, including critical reviews of literature, ethics, hypothesis testing, reliability and validity, sampling, research design, and observational and self-reported methods, and selected issues in data analysis. While
the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 704: Quantitative Research: Design and Analysis (3 credits)
A companion to Qualitative Research Methodologies, this course is designed to help students develop proficiency in quantitative analysis for interpreting social and organizational data. The topics in this course include categorical data analyses, and various ANOVA and ANCOVA experimental design. A critical analysis of quantitative studies and an examination of the ethics involved in research are required. Appropriate statistical techniques are discussed, critiqued, and applied. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 706: Leadership: Advanced Systems Theory and Research (3 credits)
The course content includes a critical analysis of the theoretical constructs in contemporary leadership. Attention is devoted to the study of organizational improvement, with an emphasis on theories regarding how individual and groups skills interact to implement and manage dynamic, systemic change. Structural, human resources, political and
symbolic perspectives on leadership are examined. Theoretical perspectives of leadership are studied in the context of the research from which it emerged. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 709: Organizational Analysis: Culture, Theory and Change Strategies (3 credits)
This course examines the theories and research regarding organizational cultures and change processes. Students examine organizations using organizational diagnosis and development tools in an effort to support leaders as they transform their organizations into high performing entities. Students study organizational culture and leader-follower interaction as they develop a change model using constructs from existing as well as emerging research to explain the behaviors and events in an organizational setting. Case studies and simulations are included to enhance the analysis of emerging forms of educational, corporate and community development and improvement. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 710: Qualitative Research: Design and Analysis (3 credits)
A companion to Quantitative Research Methodologies, this course is designed to develop proficiency in collecting, analyzing and reporting qualitative data, using a variety of qualitative tools. Included is ethnography, research interviews, content analysis, and other qualitative research designs. Attention is given to their history, traditions, conceptual bases and justifications. In addition, the course includes the critical analysis of qualitative studies with an emphasis on ethical considerations and social justice and the political issues that impact research in organizations. Case studies, phenomenological studies, participant observation, unstructured life histories and emerging theories are explored and analyzed. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 711: Moral and Ethical Foundations of Decision-Making (3 credits)
A study of the theories of ethical decision making is combined with the critical analysis of case studies that focus on the role that leaders play in shaping the vision, mission, and activities of organizations. Special emphasis is placed on the tactics, techniques, and skills needed to solve problems as well as to address external threats. Students gain insights about their values and refine their concepts about leadership. The course is also designed to help students study the importance of systematic reform of political, economic, social services, and society in general. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 724: Theories in Organizational Structure and Strategic Leadership (3 credits)
The course content focuses on economic, political and legislative issues impacting contemporary organizations and their structure. Emphasis is on the organizational level of analysis on topics including job design, organization structure and design, and inter- and intra- organizational processes and influences as well as the role of the leader as a strategic manager. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 725: Leadership: Diversity, and Social Justice in Complex and Global Organizations (3 credits)
This course investigates the increasingly prominent issues surrounding diversity and the cultural, social, economic, and political forces that underlie conflicts in our communities. The course examines the historical experience of women and marginalized groups in the special circumstances they face in modern society, and the impact of government policies on their position. Special emphasis is placed on the role of the leader in organizations that are addressing the needs of a diverse workforce and facing the challenges of a global economy. Strategies for improving interpersonal relationships and developing community are to be explored. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 727: Developing Human Resources in Organizations (3 credits)
Course content focuses on contemporary research on employment issues as they relate to theories in organizational studies, culture, and labor economics. This course analyzes these issues from both the individual and organizational level of analysis. Included is the role of the leader as leaders influence others—subordinates, peers, superiors, clients, boards, owners, regulators, pressure groups, media, and others within an ever increasing global environment. Emphasis is placed on addressing the diversity among individuals as well as the legal requirements for promoting equity and building capacity. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 729: Welfare Politics and Leadership with Community Organizations (3 credits)
This course evaluates the impact of the socioeconomic and political environment on formulation and implementation of social welfare policies both past and present. Special interest groups and political movements will also be addressed as they influence the community leader within organizations. The context of political change/political action as well as the changing nature of the concept of welfare for community leaders are examined. The relationship between policy and leadership are a focus of this course. Addressing social injustice in cross-cultural settings is also emphasized.While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 731: Advanced Supervision and Leadership Theory (3 credits)
This course is an investigation of the research in the theories, purposes and effects of supervision and evaluation in educational settings. Supervisory models are explored, with a focus on approaches that involve teachers as members of collegial units. Imbedded in the course content is analysis of leadership styles as related to supervisory practices. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 801: Negotiations and Conflict Resolution for Contemporary Leaders (3 credits)
This course explores the theories, policies and approaches required for conducting successful negotiations and resolving conflicts for education, community and corporate leaders. The context includes legislation, legal issues, and alternatives to litigation. It enhances leaders’ involvement in the dispute resolution process and facilitates access to justice as central to the role of a contemporary leader. The impact of collective bargaining on negotiations in the public sector is discussed. Current research findings are integrated as support for various approaches in conflict resolution. Students participate in a series of increasingly complex cases in which they assume the roles of arbitrators and key stakeholders. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 803: Leadership and Spirituality (3 credits)
This course is based on the foundation that spiritual development is essential to human development. This course emphasizes the importance of leaders awakening their own spirit in management and leadership. Students analyze theoretical and philosophical perspectives on spirituality and how those perspectives apply to the workplace. While
the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 805: Development and Evaluation of Organizational Policies and Programs (3 credits)
This course addresses development, evaluation design, execution, and assessment of policies and programs at federal, state, local and organizational levels. The course focuses on various theories of policy analysis including formative to summative approaches. Policy making structures are identified and the underlying influences of socioeconomic and political context of policy evaluated. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 812: Leadership and Communication Theories (3 credits)
This course focuses on communication styles of leaders. Students examine various theories of effective internal and external organizational communication. Exploration of the various organizational structures that impact communication will be reviewed. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into
the course requirements.

PhD 814: Seminar in Organizational Law (3 credits)
This course provides an in depth analysis of the effects of legal forces on the objectives and operations of for profit and nonprofit organizations, churches, schools and businesses. Policies that impact leadership and decision-making are analyzed using current case studies. Emphasis is placed on vulnerabilities and the appropriate techniques of managing exposure risks. Contemporary issues relating to governmental regulations, employment issues, and human resources policies faced by leaders in cross-cultural settings are explored. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 815: Economic Development of Organizations (3 credits)
This course explores the application of economic principles to the study of policy and to the solution of economic problems in complex organizations. Included are discussions of the major economic theories and their relationship to leadership decision-making in the corporate, not-for profit, and public policy arenas. This course is designed to identify and analyze factors that contribute to the successful economic development of organizations. Major topics include risk assessment and management, leadership skills, sources of funding, and the economic policies that enhance the development of organizations. Case studies of successful and unsuccessful economic development of organizations are analyzed. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 818: Federal, State and Local Government Relations (3 credits)
Federal, State and Local Governmental Relations is designed to help aspiring leaders understand and appreciate the governmental, regulatory, and political processes involved in achieving positive relationships and outcomes with federal, state and local agencies and personnel. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 820: Current Issues in Philanthropy and Organizational Development (3 credits)
Philanthropy is viewed from a number of perspectives ranging from that of the individual to that of the corporation and foundation. The course explores the relationship of these factors and their collective impact on the not-for-profit organizations that benefit. A primary focus of the course is to examine the ethical and legal issues of philanthropy, the professionalism of fund raising, as well as, current and future trends. Research into the evaluation of donor and grantee relationships, the impact of philanthropy, the impediments to effective philanthropy, and the complexities of philanthropy will be explored. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 821: Organizational Policy and Finance (3 credits)
This course examines the role of leadership through fiscal policy development. Emphasis is focused on the analysis and development of effective fiscal leadership approaches. Included is an examination of the role of the financial manager in a modern corporate organization. Topics include: time value of money, financial analysis, risk analysis,
financial forecasting, cost of capital, stock and bond valuation modes, capital budgeting, and investment decisions under conditions of uncertainty. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 822: Informational Technology and Organizational Effectiveness (3 credits)
This course examines the impact of information technology on the management, communication, and instructional systems in educational organizations. Students explore the current literature and research on the effective implementation of information technology in schools and school districts. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 824: Personnel and Human Resource Development in Educational Organizations (3 credits)
This is a course designed to provide prospective educational administrators with a broad overview of personnel administration, which is concerned with the employment, staff evaluation, development, utilization and general welfare of professional and non-exempt staff. Examination of diversity among individuals, interpersonal relationships and legal
requirements for promoting equity are included in this course. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 825: Educational Policy and Leadership (3 credits)
This course is a critical examination of the current issues in educational policy making. Students explore the role of participants and the procedures used in the development of public policies that effect educational organizations. The course addresses issues such as the rights and responsibilities of teachers, limits of democratic authority, and equality
of educational opportunity. Empirical data will be used to review and evaluate the impact of external policies on the educational organization and the role of the leader. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 828: U. S. Presidents as Leaders (3 credits)
In this course, the biographies of four presidents are critiqued with four primary objectives: To appreciate the qualities of observation, reflection, and verbal expression that distinguish a biographical account of a leader; to appreciate the elements of bias, myth making, and unconscious selection that frame our understandings of leaders; to practice the solid empirical research necessary to approach objectivity in analyzing leaders; and to discuss the importance of context in making a leader. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 830: Current Issues in Education (3 credits)
The content of this course focuses on the complex political, societal, economic, and global issues that impact schools and districts. Students explore issues such as diversity, federal accountability legislations, inclusion, unions, gender equity, comparative education and social justice. The role and responsibility of the educational institution in promoting
equal opportunity will be examined. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 832: Law, Advocacy and the Educational Institution (3 credits)
This course provides an in depth analysis of the effects of legal forces on the objectives and operations within educational organizations. Policies that impact leadership and decision-making are analyzed using current case studies. Emphasis is placed on vulnerabilities and the appropriate techniques of managing exposure risks. Contemporary issues relating to governmental regulations, employment issues, and human resources policies faced by leaders in cross-cultural settings are explored. Processes for advocacy within the political arena are analyzed and examined. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 851: Instrument Design and Analysis (3 credits)
The course presents the major concepts in evaluating and designing a variety of instruments, including reliability and validity, writing and editing of items, scoring and weighting procedures, and item selection methods. The use of ANOVA, multiple regression, and factor analysis is included. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 853: Advanced Quantitative Research: Design and Analysis (3 credits)
This course will concentrate on multivariate data analyses including multiple regression, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), factor analysis and Model fitting. Comparisons will be made between univariate general linear model (UGLM) and multivariate general linear model (MGLM) analyses. Focus will be placed on understanding these approaches and how to implement them for individual research questions and problems. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 855: Advanced Qualitative Research: Design and Analysis (3 credits)
Building upon the knowledge and experience acquired in Qualitative Research: Design and Analysis, this course will prepare students to conduct more advanced qualitative research, including structural analysis, ethnographic interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and repertory grid. While the course will meet once per week, extensive use of WebCT is required and integrated into the course requirements.

PhD 910, 912, 914, 916: Dissertation (12 Credits)
The dissertation is the culmination of the doctoral program and as such must reflect a high degree of scholarly competence for students. Students advance after a dissertation topic is approved and comprehensive examinations successfully completed. The dissertation must report, in an accepted scholarly style, an original investigation of a research problem or theory of significance in the student’s area of concentration. The final product must demonstrate the candidate’s ability to conduct original qualitative, quantitative or mixed research design in an area related to leadership in an educational, public, or private organization. This course includes a seminar to facilitate the development of the dissertation research proposal.


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Graduate and Certification Programs
Master of Arts
Program in Community Counseling
Program in Liberal Studies
Master of Business Adminstration
Master of Education
School Health (M.Ed.) & School Nurse Certification
Principal Certification Programs
Teaching Certification Curriculum
Master of Science in Occupational Therapy
Doctor of Philosophy