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Degree Programs

The mission of this occupational therapy bachelor of science degree program is to provide the broad base of occupational therapy knowledge and skills along with a strong liberal arts education to prepare graduates for entry into professional level occupational therapy practice. Program seeks to prepare graduates to think logically and creatively, act professionally and ethically, analyze ideas and situations, and solve problems encountered in their service delivery as practitioners, supervisors and managers. In harmony with the mission of the college, the occupational therapy program seeks to prepare learners for personal achievement, social responsibility, moral integrity and spiritual fullness.

The core values of the American Occupational Therapy Association and those of Alvernia College combine well in the mission of the occupational therapy program. The curriculum seeks to provide learning opportunities for students to discover and use their special gifts and talents in providing service to others and to experience cooperative, multidisciplinary working relationships. The complementary philosophies value the uniqueness of each individual as well as shared ideas, purpose and decision making. While the curriculum intends to prepare graduates for entry level positions in general areas of professional practice, special emphasis will to given to occupational therapy as service to others. Particularly with this focus, the occupational therapy program will continue to focus the mission of the Bernardine Sisters by providing education and healthcare where there is genuine need.

The American Occupational Therapy Association (1993) defines occupational therapy as the use of purposeful activities or interventions to achieve functional outcomes. Achieving functional outcomes means to maximize independence and maintenance of health of any individual who is limited by a physical injury or illness, a cognitive impairment, a psychosocial dysfunction, a mental illness, a developmental or learning disability, or an adverse environmental condition.

The primary focus of occupational therapy is development of client's capacity to perform those daily tasks and roles essential for a satisfying and productive life. Graduates of this program are expected to have competencies to provide occupational therapy services to various settings for clients of any age who are unable to function maximally in their life role. Graduates will carry out professional responsibilities in a manner congruent with core values of Alvernia and the profession.

Upon successful completion of the degree, the graduate will be able to:
• Evaluate clients' needs in the occupational performance areas of self care, work and leisure activities.
• Plan, provide and discontinue intervention with competence, humility and respect for the client.
• Collaborate with colleagues and the client to plan goals, intervention and discontinuation of services.
• Document all elements of service delivery using the legal standards.
• Apply appropriate research findings to practice.
• Maintain professional competency.

The OT Program is accredited by:
The Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)
4720 Montgomery Lane • P.O. Box 31220 • Bethesda, MD 20824-1220
Phone: (301) 652-2682

Occupational Therapy Program graduates are able to sit for national certification examination for the occupational therapist administered by the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT). After successful completion of exam, the individual will be an Occupational Therapist, Registered (OTR). Most states require licensure in order to practice. State licenses are usually based on results of the NBCOT examination.

Admission Requirements
Admission requirements of the college must be met before applications to the program are considered. See elsewhere in this catalog for college admission requirements and for the college's policies on advanced placement, transferring credits, challenge exams, College Level Examination Program (CLEP), and awarding life experience credits. Students accepted by the college may apply for entry into the Occupational Therapy major by meeting the criteria listed below. Completed applications for fall semester entry must be received on or before March 1.

Minimum first year student criteria:
• Cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) of at least 3.0 on a 4.0 scale and a score of 1050 or better on Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) of the College Board or a score of 25 on the American College Testing (ACT) examination.
• Documented satisfactory volunteer work or employment in occupational therapy with supervisor comments.
• Appropriate communication skills.
• Two letters of reference.

Minimum criteria for transfer students:
• Cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) of at least 3.0 on a 4.0 scale from college transcripts showing 18 or more credits.
• Documented satisfactory volunteer work or employment in occupational therapy with supervisor comments.
• Appropriate communication skills.
• Two letters of reference.

Applicants who meet minimum criteria will be notified by Office of Admissions and will be scheduled for an interview with an admission counselor for the Occupational Therapy major. Applicants will be considered by the Occupational Therapy Program Admissions Committee when their files are completed.

Written notification of committee action will be made by Office of Admissions. Judgment is based on these variables: grade point average; SAT/ACT scores; volunteer work or employment related to occupational therapy; communication skills; and references.

Applicants who do not satisfy all entrance requirements may register as undeclared students and apply for entry into Occupational Therapy major when all requirements are met.

Course Requirements
OT courses must be taken in sequence. All majors must achieve a final grade of "C" or better in all courses. For all courses, prerequisites must be fulfilled with a minimum grade of "C" before taking the next course. The repeat/delete option may be used one time for occupational therapy courses.

All Level II Fieldwork must be completed within 24 months following completion of academic course work.

Students with a health or physical problem may be asked to obtain a physician's statement that the condition will not be aggravated by or endanger clients/patients associated with the student in required coursework and fieldwork experiences.

Prior to fieldwork experience, students are required to submit to the college, and as applicable to fieldwork centers: proof of ownership of health/accident insurance coverage and certification in Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and First Aid.
Any student who fails OT 400 Level II Fieldwork, may repeat the course one time. The course should be repeated during its next offering. The Academic Fieldwork Coordinator will schedule the fieldwork. The student should seek advice from the Coordinator within the month following notification of the failure. Failure to seek advice in this time frame will cancel the opportunity to repeat the course one time and will result in a final grade of "F" for the course.

Student grievance policies are included in the Student Handbook.

Students in good standing who leave the Occupational Therapy Program for less than one year may re-enroll if space is available. Requirements for readmission to Alvernia College must be met.

Degree Requirements
Major: OT 101, 205, 207, 209, 210, 212, 214, 216, 301, 303, 305, 307, 308, 310, 312, 314, 400

Related Requirements which may fulfill the Liberal Arts Core: BIO 107, 108, 208, 211; COM 103; PHI 210; PHY 110; PSY 101, 208, 306, 309, 403; SOC 111.

Course Descriptions

OT 101 3 credits
Introduction to Occupational Therapy
(Includes FW1*) Provides foundation, history, philosophical base, ethics and values of OT profession and its personnel; introduces professional organizations, terminology, current concepts and regulatory requirements. Level I Fieldwork experiences provide opportunities for observations of occupational therapy practice. Prerequ.: OT Major.

OT 205 3 credits
Analysis of Occupations I
Examines the theories underlying the use of occupation to remediate the performance of activities of daily living of clients through the life span. Students analyze, grade, adapt and teach activities of daily living in the laboratory setting. Prerequisites: OT 101: BIO 107, 108, 211; PSY 208; SOC 111.

OT 207 2 credits
Personal & Environmental Adaptations
Examines common equipment and devices that enable individuals to perform activities of daily living, work, and leisure activities with greater ease and comfort. Designing and creating a new device or adapting a device to maximize an individual's daily functioning is a requirement in this course. Prerequisites: OT 101; BIO 107, 108, 211; PSY 208; SOC 111.

OT 209 3 credits
Disease, Injuries & Health Condition I
(Includes FWI*) Study of etiology, clinical course, management, and prognosis of congenital, developmental, acute and chronic disease processes, injuries and adverse environmental, economic, and psychosocial factors and effect of such factors on human functioning in daily living throughout life span. Level I Fieldwork experiences provide opportunities to observe various health conditions that interfere with daily occupational performance. Prerequisites: OT 101, 208; BIO 107, 108, 208; PSY 208.

OT 210 3 credits
Concepts and Theories of Occupational Therapy
(Includes FWI*) Examination of occupational therapy intervention and theories and models of practice that guide intervention. Level I Fieldwork experiences provide opportunities for observations of intervention sessions and discussions with practitioners. Prerequ.:
OT 205.

OT 212 2 credits
Technology in Occupational Therapy
(Includes FWI*) Examines the use of technology in intervention across the life span and provides an introduction to software for documentation and management. Designing and creating a project using current technology for client intervention or occupational therapy service delivery is a requirement of this course. Prerequisite: OT 207.

OT 214 3 credits
Analysis of Occupations II
Analyzes groups, interpersonal relationships and normal activities as the foundation for planning intervention to assist clients, across the life span, in their employment, productive and play or leisure occupational Grading, adapting and teaching purposeful activities in group settings to meet individual needs is experienced in the laboratory. Prerequisites: OT 205; PSY 208, 306, 403; SOC 111.

OT 216 3 credits
Disease, Injuries & Health Conditions II
(Includes FWI*) Continuation of study of etiology, clinical course, management, and prognosis of congenital, developmental, acute and chronic disease processes, injuries, and adverse environmental, economic, and psychosocial factors that the effect of such factors on human functioning in daily living throughout life span. Level I Fieldwork experiences provide opportunities to observe various health conditions that interfere with daily occupational performance. Prerequ.: OT 209.

OT 301 3 credits
Community-based Health Care
Examines resources, laws and policies affecting health care delivery, the nation's health care needs, and trends in health care delivery. Prerequisites: OT 210; THE 210; PHI 210; SOC 111.

OT 303 4 credits
Occupational Therapy Evaluations
(Includes FWI*) Focuses on the occupational therapy evaluation process, the administration of assessments, and documentation of results. Observations of practitioners conducting evaluations are made during Level I Fieldwork. Prerequisite: OT 216.

OT 305 3 credits
Intervention Planning
Examines models of intervention, principles of treatment and approaches that provide basis for planning and documenting intervention for identified client problems and goals. Case studies analyze client needs, determine goals, plan intervention. Prerequ. OT 216.

OT 307 3 credits
Supervision & Management
(Includes FWI*) The occupational therapist's role and responsibilities as a supervisor and a manager, the styles of supervision, and the role delineation of occupational therapy practitioners is presented in this course. Level I Fieldwork experiences provide opportunities to observe and discuss various supervision and management styles. Prerequisite: OT 210; PSY 306.

OT 308 4 credits
Intervention: ADL Performance
Intensive study of theories, principles and models of intervention to enable clients of various ages to gain optimal functioning in activities of daily living. Specific methods, techniques, responsibilities and documentation styles used in intervention are practiced in laboratory. Prerequ.: OT 205, 303, 305.

OT 310 4 credits
Intervention: Work Performance
Intensive study of theories, principles and models of intervention to enable clients of various ages to gain optimal functioning in work and productive activities. Methods, techniques, responsibilities, and documentation styles used in intervention are practiced in laboratory. Prerequ.: OT 214, 303, 305.

OT 312 2 credits
Strategies for Well-being
Study of theories, principles, and models of play and leisure that enable clients throughout the life span gain satisfaction in activities and maintain a lifestyle conducive to health and well-being. Methods, responsibilities, and documentation used in the profession are practiced in the laboratory. Prerequisites: OT 101, 301, 303, 305.

OT 314 3 credits
Occupational Therapy Outcome
(Includes FWI*) Examines outcomes of occupational therapy intervention to maximize treatment gains and assist client to maintain function following discharge from services. Level I Fieldwork experiences provide opportunities to observe and discuss roles and responsibilities of practitioners, the discharge planning process, referrals to community services, and documentation. Prerequisites: OT 301, 303, 305.

*Level I Fieldwork requires a minimum of 15 hours for each of the designated courses. Students are responsible for required health status, insurance, special clothing, travel expenses, and other designated prerequisites for each prerequisites for each fieldwork experience.

OT 400 12 credits
Level II Fieldwork
This is a full time, six months or equivalent experiential education at approved fieldwork sites off campus, with three 3-hour seminars on campus. OT students are supervised by qualified practitioners in the application of written and oral communication skills, the evaluation process, clinical analysis and reasoning to plan, carry out, and discontinue intervention related to human performance of clients across the life span with various psychosocial and physical performance deficits. Experiences include safety of clients and staff, training and education of clients and relevant others, collaboration with client and others documentation and communication of professional information to the public. Prerequisites: All academic courses and Level I Fieldwork completed with a grade of "C" or higher; approval of academic fieldwork coordinator and fieldwork educator; current certification in CPR and First Aid; current health status reports. Where applicable: completed copies of Pennsylvania Child Abuse History Clearance (form-CY 113 3/95), Pennsylvania State Police Request for Criminal Record Check, and FBI background check. Student is responsible for travel and expenses. Course is graded Pass/Fail.

All Physical Education activity courses are graded on a pass/fail basis except PED 203. A total of six credits in Physical Education may be applied to a baccalaureate degree.

Some courses may require additional fees.

Course Descriptions

PED 100 1 credit
Aerobics
Informative and practical. The physical and psychological effects of aerobics will be discussed. Students learn basic aerobic steps and participate in numerous aerobic activities in a progression of aerobic routines. Taught by a certified aerobics instructor.

PED 102 1 credit
Bowling
Fundamental movement patterns will be emphasized. First class meets in Physical Education Center gymnasium. Remaining classes meet at Berks Lanes. (15 minute drive)

PED 103 1 credit
Country Line Dancing
Presents basic concepts of country western line dancing. Terminology, elements, history and evolution of country western dance in America will be discussed.

PED 104 2 credit
Emergency Response
Provides the knowledge, skills, and confidences to help a person who is a victim of injury or sudden illness. Students learn how to assess a person's condition and how to recognize and care for a life-threatening emergencies. Students cannot earn credit for this class and PED 203.

PED 105 1 credit
Varsity Experience
Varsity athletes may receive credit for varsity participation. Following completion of the season, an athlete must apply for credit. An athlete may only receive one credit for same varsity sport.

PED 107 1 credit
Tennis
Fundamentals are stressed. Course is designed for beginners, but all are welcome.

PED 118 1 credit
Skiing
Instruction from first time skiing to advanced skiing. Students are grouped by ability. First class meets in the Physical Education Center gymnasium. Remaining classes meet at Blue Marsh Mountain. Course is taught by certified ski instructor. (30-40 minute drive)

PED 121 1 credit
Volleyball
PED 123 1 credit
Archery

PED 130 1 credit
Golf
Fundamentals are stressed. Class is designed for beginner, but all are welcome.

PED 133 1 credit
Community First Aid and Safety
Students are exposed to skills appropriate to many emergency situations when immediate help is needed and medical help delayed. Successful completion of this course will earn the student the American Red Cross certification for Community First Aid and Safety. Students cannot earn credit for this class and PED 104.

PED 140 1 credit
Racquetball
Designed for beginners, but all are welcome. First class meets in the Physical Education Center gymnasium. Remaining classes meet at Colonial Hills Racquetball and Fitness Center. (15 minute drive)

PED 200 1 credit
Aerobics II
For students already familiar with aerobic dance whose physical condition permits intensive activity. Prerequisite: PED 100 or permission of instructor.

PED 205 1 credit
Varsity Experience
Students involved in a second varsity sport may apply for a second physical education credit.

PED 215 3 credits
Principles of Coaching
For the student interested in coaching athletics. Information on the philosophy, organization and administration of a sports program will be presented. Emphasis will be on the role of the coach in working with the athletes, motivational aspects, instructional skills, and practice planning.

PED 304 3 credits
Wellness for Life
Study of the concepts that contribute to a lifestyle of wellness. Topics include principles of wellness, principles of community health, non-infectious diseases, accident and injury prevention, AIDS, STDs, nutrition, body composition, cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, strength, mental and emotional health, personality traits, stress, steroids, cancer, and substance abuse. Students appraise their personal wellness levels and design a personalized fitness program that is practically applied.

Philosophy

Courses in philosophy are designed to acquaint students with the fundamental principles and methods of the subject and to develop skills in critical thinking and analysis.

A major in philosophy will prepare students for graduate studies in philosophy and also provide a solid foundation for law school or other professional careers. A minor in philosophy may be taken in conjunction with any other major and can help students develop a more thoughtful perspective on their field of interest.

Major in Philosophy 30 credits
PHI 105; 110; 200 or 210 or 420; 350; 410, and 15 Philosophy elective credits

Minor Philosophy 18 credits

Course Descriptions

All courses at 200 level or higher require PHI 105, Foundations of Philosophy, or permission of department chair. Students in the Mid-degree, Plus 2, and Degree Completion programs are exempt from this requirement.

PHI 105 3 credits
Foundations of Philosophy
Historical introducti to fundamental problems and methods of philosophy based on readings in ancient, medieval and modern literature.

PHI 110 3 credits
Introduction to Logic
Intro to traditional logic designed to develop practical skills in formulating definitions and analyzing arguments. Topics covered include deductive reasoning, the syllogism, and formal/informal fallacies. Prerequisite: PHI 105.

PHI 200 3 credits
Ethics: Values and Quality of Life
Systematic study of ethics with the aim of arriving at objective values and principles of moral conduct as the means to genuine happiness. Normative ethics is compared and contrasted with descriptive ethics and meta-ethics. Cultural, philosophical and historical approaches to ethics are also considered.

PHI 210 3 credits
Professional Ethics
Study of ethical issues in the professions. Inquires into the nature of professional responsibility and the social role of the professions. Topics include an examination of professional codes of ethics, legal regulation of the professions, the relation between professional rights and social responsibilities, and professional ethics in a global society.

PHI 220 3 credits
Ethics and Law
Examination and evaluation of principal theories of the nature and purpose of law: natural law, legal realism and legal positivism. Foundations of the American legal system are examined in relation to these theories.

PHI 300 3 credits
Epistemology
Study of sources and foundations of human knowledge. Course focuses on the idea of human knowledge as the personal development of a unified conception of reality. Topics include the nature of faith; grounds for certainty; the difference between religious, scientific and historical knowledge; and the role of reason and experience in the development of knowledge.

PHI 305 3 credits
Philosophy of Human Existence
Helps students understand themselves, their place in the structure of reality, their human destiny and the part they play in obtaining it. This knowledge is sought in order to become a fully human person. Authenticity is seen as a means to attainment of genuine happiness. Prerequisite: junior standing (60+ credits).

PHI 310 3 credits
Metaphysics
Introduction to some of the main problems in the tradition of Western metaphysics. Issues considered include the nature of time and becoming, free will and determinism, the relation between mind and body, and the nature and existence of God. Discussions will focus on the value and significance of humanity's efforts to provide a unified understanding of reality with respect to perennial philosophical problems.

PHI 335 3 credits
Philosophy of Love and Friendship
A study of love and friendship in western philosophy and literature. The course will examine some basic questions about the nature of love and friendship that have been raised in the history of western thought. Prerequisite: PHI 105 or 345.

PHI 345 3 credits
Problems of Philosophy
A study of the fundamental problems of philosophy. Readings in Plato, Aristotlke, Descartes, Hume, Kant, and contemporary Philosophy. This course is designed as an introduction to philosophy for students in the Innovative Degree Programs (Plus2, Mid-Degree, Degree Completion). Other students must have permission of the instructor.

PHI 350 3 credits
Greek and Medieval Philosophy
Study of the history of philosophy from its beginnings to Aquinas and Bonaventure. Reading and discussion of selections from the preSocratics, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas and Bonaventure.

PHI 410 3 credits
Modern and Contemporary Philosophy
Study of philosophy from Renaissance to present. Readings include selections from Descartes, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Nietzche, Wittgenstein, Sartre, Heidegger, Dewey and Maritain.

PHI 415 3 credits
Philosophy of Religion
An inquiry into the place of reason, faith, and experience in religion. Readings include clasics in eastern and western thought.

PHI 420 3 credits
Social and Political Philosophy
Readings from major historical sources in social and political philosophy. Focus on issues such as the grounds of political obligation, nature of justice, and relation between freedom and human rights.

PHI 425 3 credits
Philosophy of Education
Basic concepts and methods applied to educational issues, including a survey of philosophies of education and approaches to development of personal philosophy of education.

PHI 440 3 credits
Great Thinkers
Intensive study of the thoughts of outstanding philosophers from the ancient, medieval, modern or contemporary periods.

Physical Therapist Assistant

Course Descriptions

For all courses, prerequisites must be fulfilled with a minimum grade of "C" before taking the next course. PTA students must earn a grade of "C" or better in all program prerequisites and PTA courses. These include A&P I and II, Kinesiology, Physics 106/110 and all courses designated as PTA courses in the catalog. They must also maintain a 2.25 grade point average overall.

A student may repeat a science prerequisite that has been taken at Alvernia College or elsewhere (A&P I, A&P II, Kinesiology and Physics) one time. A second earned grade of less than a "C" in a prerequisite or PTA course will result in dismissal or non-matriculation into the program. Only one PTA course may be repeated and this privilege will only be afforded one time. If a student withdraws from a course, thus delaying graduation for at least one year, the student must attend the lab sessions of PTA courses offered the semester before doing clinical affiliations to insure competency in the clinical component of the course.

Because students and graduates are expected to be directly involved with the healthcare of clients, they are also required to pass all PTA courses, including the lab competencies, lab examinations and final comprehensive examinations with a minimum of a "C" grade in order to graduate. Courses are sequenced in such a way as to allow students to build upon the knowledge and skills already acquired. Some courses, including all PTA courses, can only be offered once a year, so students may have to wait one year to delete/repeat a course.

The program requirements are necessary, as students need to build upon the knowledge gained in prerequisite science courses in order to establish a solid scientific foundation which will eventually lead to the attainment of the required competencies.
All PTA students are also required to take an adult/child nine-hour CPR course before going into the clinics. A deadline to accomplish this requirement will be given to students in the fall semester of the first year.

Students must also meet certain health requirements as outlined on the health form before classes begin.

PTA 101 3 credits
Intro to Physical Therapist Assisting
General orientation to the field of physical therapy. History, function and professional standards of the American Physical Therapy Association are reviewed. Facilities where physical therapy is practiced, types of patients treated, equipment used and the relationship of other members of the healthcare team are explored. Student is introduced to functional documentation and medical terminology. Psychological aspects of disability and intervention techniques are also discussed. Students are required to experience life from a wheelchair for a 48-hour period. Visits are made to local healthcare facilities.

PTA 104 3 credits
Pathological Conditions I
Introduction to homeostasis and disease entities most commonly encountered in physical therapy. Introduction to the study of disease and the concepts of inflammation and pain will be covered. Etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, prognosis and management of common cardiac and orthopedic conditions are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on the role that physical therapy plays in the treatment of the various conditions studied. Prerequisites: BIO 107; PTA 101, 105. Should be taken concurrently with BIO 108, 211 and PTA 105. Cross-listed with AT 104; students may not take both courses for credit.

PTA 105 2 credits
Physical Therapy Procedures I
Introduction to patient care activities include draping and position, body mechanics, patient transport, bed mobility, transfers, gait training, tilt table, aseptic technique, vital signs, therapeutic massage, intermittent venous compression, and basic medical terminology as it applies to the field of physical therapy. Students also receive OSHA training in the handling of blood-borne pathogens. Cross-listed with AT 105; students may not take both courses for credit.

PTA 106 4 credits
Therapeutic Exercises
Study of the basic types of exercises applied in the treatment of disease and injury. Emphasis is on the teaching aspect of the assistant's work. Introduction to the physiological effects of exercise and the basic principle of joint range of motion, manual muscle testing and functional activities. Use of mechanical exercise equipment is also taught, stressing safety during exercise, signs of overdosage and use of proper body mechanics. Correct and incorrect exercise procedures as well as indications and contraindications for different exercise are reviewed. Auscultation and the administration of bronchial hygiene techniques, and basics of cardiac rehabilitation will also be taught. Students will acquire skills in performing goniometric measurements. Prerequisites: BIO 107, Phys 106/110; PTA 101, 105. Cross-listed with AT 106; students may not take both courses for credit.

PTA 107 2 credits
Physical Therapy Procedures II
Introduction to theory, application and treatment of the following physical modalities: cold pack, moist heat, paraffin, infrared, ultra violet, fluidotherapy, intermittent traction, ultrasound, magnetic therapy, hydro-therapy, and diathermy. Indications, contraindications and precautions will be emphasized. Two hours lecture and two hours lab. Prerequisites: PTA 101, 105; BIO 107; Phys 106/110. Cross-listed with AT 107; students may not take both courses for credit.

PTA 108 2 credits
Clinical Education I
Student spends three weeks in a healthcare facility observing and applying knowledge and skills acquired during classroom and laboratory sessions. This is accomplished under guidance and supervision of a licensed physical therapist. A pass grade is required to remain in program. Students will be required to fulfill specific health requirements before Clinical Education I assignment. Prerequisites: PTA 101, 104, 105, 106, 107; BIO 107, 108; and CPR certification. Requirement must be satisfied in May or August between first and second year in program.

PTA 201 3 credits
Physical Therapy Procedures III
Advanced physical therapist assistant procedures; continuation of PTA 105 and PTA 107. Neurofacilitation focuses on a study of normal motor control so that student can reach an understanding of how neurological damage alters these normal systems. Student will explore several neurorehabilitative treatment strategies and practice them, including proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, neurodevelopmental treatment and sensory stimulation techniques. Electrotherapy unit includes an in-depth discussion of electro-physiology, the instrumentation and application of various types of transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Wound care and the treatment of burn patients is explored, including visits to specialty clinical centers. Four hours lecture and three hours of lab. Additional lab time required. Prerequisite: PTA 108. Cross-listed with AT 201; students may not take both courses for credit.

PTA 203 3 credits
Pathological Conditions II
Continuation of the study of disease entities most commonly encountered in physical therapy. These include: back problems; neurological cellular deviation; infectious, nutritional and metabolic diseases. Etiology, patho-physiology, signs and symptoms, prognosis and management of common pathologies are discussed. Neurological conditions are stressed. Emphasis is placed on the role that physical therapy plays in the treatment of the various conditions studied. Prerequisite: PTA 108. Cross-listed with AT 203; students may not take both courses for credit.

PTA 205 4 credits
Rehabilitation
Study and implementation of more specialized techniques for selected medical, neurological and orthopedic conditions including spinal cord injuries, cerebrovascular accidents, head injuries, amputation, pediatric disabilities, sports injuries, and chronic progressive diseases. Introduction of developmental progression and implementation of selected treatment procedures for pediatric disorders. Three hours lecture and four hours lab. Prerequisite: PTA 108.

PTA 206-208 10 credits
Clinical Education II-III
Student will have the opportunity to further develop the ability to perform the following activities safely and effectively in a physical therapy clinical setting: 1) application of physical agents; 2) treatment of patients with neurological, orthopedic, rheumatological and other disorders using therapeutic exercises, neurodevelopmental, and other appropriate techniques; and 3) effective documentation of the patient's progress in the medical record. Each affiliation will last six weeks for a total of 12 weeks. Clinical Education III is on a continuum immediately following Clinical Ed II and has Clinical Ed II as a prerequisite. Pass/Fail grading is used and a pass grade is required to graduate. Prerequisites: all PTA courses excluding PTA 210.

PTA 210 2 credits
Seminars in Rehabilitation
Follow up of clinical and academic experiences focusing on problem solving and remediation wherever necessary. Individual presentation and critical analysis by students of case studies, problems or otherwise beneficial experiences incurred during clinical experience. Rationale for treatment and treatment techniques are discussed in depth. Intensive review of all technical and theoretical material with emphasis on areas recommended by students and clinicians. Students are given an opportunity to prepare for State Registration examination. Instructions regarding resume writing will also be presented. Course begins following last affiliation and continues for four weeks. Prerequisites: All PTA courses or permission of instructor.

Physics

Alvernia College offers a minor in physics. Students complete PHY 110, 111, 304 and two other courses above the 100 level.

Course Descriptions

PHY 103 4 credits
Earth Science
Designed to introduce students to an interdisciplinary study in the fundamentals of earth and space science. Major topics include physical and historical geology, astronomy, meteorology and oceanography. Integrates laboratory and classroom work for a total of five class hours per semester week.

PHY 106 3 credits
Ideas of Physics
Introduction to basic physics concepts with emphasis on applications of those principles. Designed for physical therapist assistant as well as liberal arts students. Course includes demonstrations of physics principles as well as hands-on activities. As a non-lab course this will not satisfy the liberal arts core.

PHY 110 4 credits
General Physics I
Introduction to standard non-calculus college physics course. Topics include Newton's laws of motion, work, energy, impulse, momentum, properties of solids, liquids, and gases, heat, and the laws of thermodynamics. Course includes three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisite: high school algebra.

PHY 111 4 credits
General Physics II
Continuation of Physics I. Topics include wave phenomena, electricity, magnetism, light, sound, optics, relativity and quantum theory. Prerequisite: PHY 110.

PHY 202 3 credits
Mechanics
Study of statics, kinematics and the dynamics of particles and rigid bodies with emphasis on the analysis of problems. Prerequisites: PHY 111, MAT 231.

PHY 206 3 credits
Optics
Study of the geometrical and physical theory of light. Prerequisite: PHY 111.

PHY 303 3 credits
Electricity and Magnetism
Theoretical study of electrostatics, electromagnetism, electromagnetic waves and direct and alternating current phenomena. Prerequisites: PHY 111, MAT 231.

PHY 304 4 credits
Modern Physics
Introduction to the theory of relativity, quantum theory, the Bohr theory of the atom, de Broglie waves, nuclear structure and nuclear reactions. Course includes three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisite: PHY 111.

Political Science

In its broadest sense, political science is the study of governments and the governing procedures at various levels and in various cultures. The program is designed to meet the needs of students who expect to hold jobs in law enforcement, teaching, civil service, state/local governments, the federal bureaucracy, the legal profession, and journalism.

Prerequisites for the major:
HIS 112, 121; POS 101.

Required 30 credits
POS 111, 212; SSC 425; seven courses in Political Science; major senior research paper. Students are encouraged to spend one semester, preferably in senior year, in a field experience at local, state or national level. To augment the major, students are encouraged to take courses in computer programming and to master the English language, particularly in its written form.

Minor 18 credits
POS 101, 111, 212, 322; SSC 425; and three additional credits at any level.

Course Descriptions

POS 101 3 credits
Introduction to Political Science
Intro to politics and political theory; presentation of general information about various political systems in contemporary society.

POS 111 3 credits
American Democratic Government
Description and analysis of basic institutions and political process of the American political system at local, state and national levels.

POS 212 3 credits
Comparative Governments
Comparison and analysis of European political systems, principally those of Great Britain, France, Russia, Germany. Emphasis on recent history and current institutions.

POS 217 3 credits
The Presidency
Historical perspective of presidency as an American institution; a study of duties and responsibilities of 20th Century presidency.

POS 218 3 credits
The Legislative Process
Analysis of history, composition and responsibilities of the American Congress and various state governments in the matter of legislation.

POS 221 3 credits
American Political Parties
Study of the two party system. Emphasis on voting behavior, campaign techniques, party organization, and the party as an organizer of governmental power.

POS 230 3 credits
Constitutional Law
Introduction to U.S. Constitution and major cases that have come before Supreme Court. Helps student understand role of the Constitution in the economy as well as its role as protector of the rights and liberties of the people of the United States. Course examines dynamic character of Constitutional interpretation in our nation's history.

POS 247 3 credits
Radicals and Radicalism
Terrorism, extremism, and isolated acts of violence has driven much of the history and political life since the late 1700's. Examines the driving ideologies of selected radicals and radical groups. Such figures as Thomans Paine, Karl Marx, Huey Long, Stokely Carmichael, Gandhi, and Saddam Hussein will be studied in the context of their works and activities. Cross-listed with HIS 247; students may not take both courses
for credit.

POS 322 3 credits
Area Studies
Case study analyzing government and politics of a selected nation or area. Subject of study will be announced prior to registration.

POS 325 3 credits
History of Political Thought
Survey of significant questions that have been asked by philosophers in the course of the study of politics and some ways in which they have been answered .

POS 401 3 credits
International Relations
Study of contemporary international controversies and problems in relation to forces that shape policies of nations: national sovereignty, international law and organization.

POS 407, 408 3/3 credits
American Foreign Policy I, II
Examination of United States foreign policy in terms of strategic and ideological bases, its historical development, and its interaction with domestic politics.

POS 430 12 credits
Internship
Semester practicum undertaken in a government agency during which student supplements classroom learning with practical experience.

Psychology

Course Descriptions

PSY 101 3 credits
Introductory Psychology
Introduction to major concepts and findings in psychology with emphasis on basic processes underlying human behavior. Prerequisite for all other psychology courses except PSY 306.

PSY 102 3 credits
Dynamics of Human Adjustment
Examines criteria for the process of human adjustment and growth including theories, methods and coping devices. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 208 3 credits
Human Development across the Life Span
Focuses on physical, cognitive, social, personality and moral development through life span from infancy to old age. Cross cultural, gender and minority issues will be integrated when appropriate. Prerequ.: PSY 101.

PSY 210 3 credits
Educational Psychology
Investigates principles and practices related to learning and variety of factors that affect it. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 215 3 credits
Multicultural Issues in Psychology
Study of the universals of human behavior as well as the differences brought about by the specific needs, experiences and characteristics of diverse populations. The course examines communication, understanding and awareness among culturally different people. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 301 3 credits
History and Systems in Psychology
Study of the major schools in psychological thought, including philosophical and medical contributions to modern psychological views. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 303 3 credits
Psychology of Personality
Study of theoretical approaches to personality structure and development; contributions taken from psychodynamics, social, behavioral, trait and phenomenological theorists. Prerequisite:
PSY 101.

PSY 306 3 credits
Group Dynamics
Examination of forces involved in small group interaction. Small group work sessions developed.

PSY 308 3 credits
The Psychology of Gender
Focuses on research in gender-related differences and gender development from a variety of perspectives in psychology. Biological, cognitive, behavioral, and social factors which influence emergence of an individual's gender are examined. Special emphasis will be placed on an analysis of the consequence of stereotypes and gender roles for individuals, relationships, psychological inquiry, and society as a whole. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 309 3 credits
Scientific Methods in Behavioral Science
Provides the essentials for understanding the significance and nature of scientific methods in the behavioral sciences to enable students to be critical consumers of research. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 310 4 credits
Experimental Psychology
Introduces students to various scientific techniques and procedures, emphasizing experimental designs used in psychology. The course focuses on how to turn theories into concrete and testable notions, evaluate studies, avoid pitfalls, and remain ethical. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 314 3 credits
Counseling Theories and Techniques
Examination of the dynamics of counseling along with the basic techniques and various methods utilized in the counseling setting. Prerequisite:
PSY 101.

PSY 320 3 credits
Research Methods in Psychology
Introduces students to planning, conducting and reporting laboratory, field and/or library research, by completing a research project in accordance with recognized principles of scientific and ethical standards. Prerequisites: MAT 208 or 209; PSY 101.

PSY 330 3 credits
Crisis Management in Mental Health Field
Presents applied therapeutic crisis intervention in a way that effectively describes actual strategies. Endeavors to provide a perspective that "puts the student into the crisis situation as it is occurring," enabling them to experience what a crisis worker experiences. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 340 3 credits
Rehabilitation Psychology
Examines the psychological process involved in the recognition, acceptance, and treatment of an emotional, physical, or cognitive impairment from the perspective of the individual who experiences the impairment as well as the professional involved in the rehabilitation process. Topics will include attitudinal changes, motivation, adjustment, social interactions, coping skills, competency, independence, and career planning as they relate to both the consumer of services and the service provider. The historical, legal, and philosophical background of the rehabilitation process will be explored. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 350 3 credits
Industrial & Organizational Psychology
Explores application of psychological principles and results of empirical research to the behavior of individuals in the workplace. Topics include organizational issues (e.g., work motivation, job attitudes, leadership, and organizational stress) and industrial issues (e.g., including employee attraction, selection, placement, performance appraisal and feedback, and ergonomics). Intrinsic connection between science and practice is emphasized throughout course. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 360 1 credits
Tutorial in Psychology
Elective for juniors/seniors who have demonstrated competence in intro courses in Psychology, and are judged qualified to assist students, one to one. Permission of departmental faculty required. May be repeated.

PSY 403 3 credits
Psychopathology
Examination of maladaptive behavior. The etiology, clinical picture and treatment of various syndromes are discussed. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 405 3 credits
Social Psychology
Explores current research and principles of human social activity with emphasis on nature of interpersonal behavior. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 408 2 credits
Senior Seminar
Capstone course including readings and discussion of original literature on selected topics in psychology. Requires periodic seminar presentations and oral/written reports, as well as the preparation of a portfolio. Prerequisite: Senior (90 or more credits) psychology majors only.

PSY 409 3 credits
Psychology of the Family
Study of the family system. Using a life-cycle and cultural approach, the course examines issues confronting families today. Special consideration is given to parenting, communication skills, care of aging parents, and coping with life transitions, as well as available community resources to support and assist today's families. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 412 2 credits
Practicum I
Seniors select a practicum to gain experience in an area of interest. Prerequisite: Senior (90 or more credits) psychology major; PSY 101, 314. Co-requisite: PSY 422.

PSY 413 2 credits
Practicum II
Seniors select a practicum to gain experience in a second area of interest. Prerequisite: second semester Senior psychology major or permission of instructor; PSY 101 and 314. Co-requisite: PSY 423.

PSY 422 2 credits
Practicum I Seminar
Weekly seminars focus on sharing and evaluating practicum experiences. Integration of experiential learning with theory is stressed. Ethical and professional concerns are examined. Prerequisite: Senior psychology major. Co-requisite: PSY 412.

PSY 423 2 credits
Practicum II Seminar
Weekly seminars focus on ethical, clinical and professional issues. Prerequ.: Senior psychology major. Co-requisite: PSY 413.

PSY 430 3 credits
Forensic Psychology
Presents theories and application of psychological knowledge to the civil and criminal justice system. The content will cover activities such as courtroom testimony, child custody evaluations, screening of law enforcement candidates, clinical services to offenders and staff of correctional facilities, research and theory in area of criminal behavior, intervention and prevention programs. Prerequisite: PSY 101.

PSY 440 3 credits
Sports Psychology
Studies the behavioral, affective and cognitive reactions to sport settings of both participants and fans. Theories and knowledge of psychology will be presented in the context of applied, clinical, educational and experimental sport psychology. It will be discussed how this specialty of psychology provides services to athletes and coaches based on psychological principles. Prerequisite: PSY 101.